Search results for "Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Acts as a Metabolic Gate for Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
2019
Abstract Cancer induces alteration of hematopoiesis to fuel disease progression. We report that in tumor-bearing mice the macrophage colony-stimulating factor elevates the myeloid cell levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, which acts as negative regulator of the CXCR4 retention axis of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. NAMPT inhibits CXCR4 through a NAD/Sirtuin 1–mediated inactivation of HIF1α-driven CXCR4 gene transcription, leading to mobilization of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their production of suppressive nitric oxide. Pharmacologic inhibition or myeloid-specific ablation …
Resistin, visfatin, leptin and omentin are differently related to hormonal and metabolic parameters in growth hormone-deficient children
2016
PURPOSE: The effect of growth hormone (GH) on adipose tissue and the role of adipokines in modulating metabolism are documented, but with discordant data. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of GH treatment on a series of selected adipokines known to have a metabolic role and poorly investigated in this setting. METHODS: This is a prospective study. Thirty-one prepubertal children (25 M, 6 F; aged 8.5 ± 1.6 years) with isolated GH deficiency treated with GH for at least 12 months and 30 matched controls were evaluated. Auxological and metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity indexes, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, omentin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding prot…
Serum visfatin levels in acromegaly: Correlation with disease activity and metabolic alterations
2015
Objective: The studies that have extensively evaluated the relation between adipokines and metabolic parameters in acromegaly treatment are quite discordant. We aimed to evaluate and correlate a set of selected adipokines, known to have a metabolic role, with the disease activity, metabolic status and treatment modalities. Design: Data of 56 consecutive acromegalic patients (31 M and 25 F; aged 54 ± 12 years), admitted to the section of Endocrinology of the University of Palermo during the years 2005-2014, including 16 newly diagnosed untreated (ND), 21 during therapy with somatostatin analogues (SA), 12 with pegvisomant (PE) and 7 after surgical treatment (SU), grouped into uncontrolled (g…
Circulating levels of adipose products and differences in fat distribution in the ovulatory and anovulatory phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome.
2009
Central fat distribution is increased in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with ovulatory PCOS and matched controls. Among secreted adipocytokines, this is reflected mainly in lower levels of adiponectin.
Elevated peripheral visfatin levels in narcoleptic patients.
2008
OBJECTIVE: Narcolepsy is a severe sleep disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexies and a tendency towards obesity. Recent discoveries indicate that the major pathophysiology is a loss of hypocretin (orexin) producing neurons due to immunologically mediated degeneration. Visfatin is a recently described proinflammatory adipokine. It is identical to the immune modulating pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF). Our study examines the hypothesis that visfatin levels are altered in narcoleptic patients. METHODS: For the analysis, a total of n = 54 patients (n = 18 males and n = 36 females) with the diagnosis of narcolepsy according to DSM-IV and the Internatio…
Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1α in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-1
2014
Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunctions accompany several neurodegenerative disorders and contribute to disease pathogenesis among others in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a major regulator of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis, and was suggested as a therapeutic target in PD. PGC-1α is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational events involving also the action of growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the body but little is known about its action in the brain. We show here that FGF21 increased the levels and activity of PGC-1α and elevated mito…
Impact of obesity and aging on crestal alveolar bone height in mice
2018
Obesity and aging are associated with periodontitis, which represents a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e. the periodontium. However, if both risk factors also have a negative impact on crestal alveolar bone in a clinically healthy periodontium, has yet to be elucidated and was analyzed in this in-vivo study. Eight C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet during the entire study. Half of these mice were sacrificed at week 19 (group 1: younger lean mice), whereas the other half of the animals were sacrificed at week 25 (group 2: older lean mice). In addition, four mice were fed a high-fat diet until their sacrifice at week 19 (group 3: younger obese mice). Mandible…
Extracellular Nampt promotes macrophage survival via a nonenzymatic interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling mechanism.
2008
Macrophages play key roles in obesity-associated pathophysiology, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancer, and processes that affect the survival-death balance of macrophages may have an important impact on obesity-related diseases. Adipocytes and other cells secrete a protein called extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNampt; also known as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor or visfatin), and plasma levels of eNampt increase in obesity. Herein we tested the hypothesis that eNampt could promote cell survival in macrophages subjected to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process associated with obesity and obesity-associated diseases. We show that eNampt potent…
Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor in male oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
2012
Objectives: Visfatin, also known as nicotiamide phosphoribosyltransferase or pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose serum level is increased in various cancers. In this study, we investigated whether plasma visfatin levels were altered in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The relation ship between plasma visfatin levels and the pretreatment hematologic profile was also explored. Study Design: Plasma visfatin concentrations were measured through ELISA in OSCC patients and control sub- D esign: Plasma visfatin concentrations were measured through ELISA in OSCC patients and control sub- esign: Plasma visfatin concentrations were measured throu…